Natural gas (NG) engines have attracted increasing attention in the heavy duty (HD) vehicle market as an alternative to conventional diesel fuel often due to the abundance and low price of NG. However....
As governmental agencies focus on low levels of the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions compliance, new off-road applications are being reviewed for both regulated and unregulated emissions to understa....
China VI standards for heavy duty vehicles require that the mileage of CNG catalysts for vehicles with a maximum design total mass of more than 18 tons should reach 700000 km. In order to quickly eval....
As agencies continue to focus on emissions compliance, low NOX discussions have started to propagate beyond the on-highway market. Nonroad applications, which contribute to 29% of the PM emissions and....
During the past decades, the Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emission limitations have become stricter, promoting the development of after-treatment systems like Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) for emission....
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to implement rigorous containment measures on reduction or cessation of human mobility, transportation and economic activities, to control the spread of th....
Due to the short mixture formation times in the direct injection of modern gasoline engines, there is an increase in the emission of undesirable particle emissions. It is well known that particulate m....
This paper describes a new method for measuring oil consumption using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS focuses a high energy laser pulse on a sample to form a transient plasma. As the....
Vehicle manufacturers will need to overhaul current development methods used to guarantee emissions compliance with the introduction of more stringent emissions legislation. Climatic boundaries of tem....
Vehicle emissions and fuel economy in real-world driving conditions are currently under considerable scrutiny. Key to achieving optimum performance for a given hardware set and control scheme is a cal....
Emission reduction from Natural gas-fired reciprocating engines (NGFREs) is of high priority to regulatory agencies due to their significant contribution to overall pollutant emissions. NGFREs are wel....
The primary purpose of this study was to obtain gas-phase and particular matter (PM) emissions from newer Tier 4 final off-road construction equipment using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PE....
Goods movement and port related activities are a significant source of emissions in many large urban areas. Electrification of diesel cargo handling equipment is one method of reducing community expos....
In developing countries, the commercial vehicle industry is one of the key drivers for economic growth. The commercial vehicle industry in India is expected to reach 11,80,000 units by 2025 with a CAG....
A three-way automotive catalyst's ability to store oxygen is still a crucial performance metric for modern day catalyst applications. With more stringent emissions legalisation, the oxygen storage cap....
Real driving emission (RDE) tests are influenced by factors such as data processing methods, driving behaviors, and environmental conditions. Therefore, being able to effectively identify test influen....
In recent years, particulate matter (PM) emitted from direct-injection gasoline vehicles is becoming an increasingly concerning problem. In addition, it is often reported that ammonia (NH3) is emitted....
For over a decade, the EU has required in-service conformity testing of heavy-duty road vehicles. This paper briefly discusses the practical aspects of the test requirements, how they have evolved and....
Particulate Matter (PM) is one of the world’s most problematic pollutants in terms of harm to environment and human health. It has been found out that PM emission levels are very high during traffic c....
The European Commission has released strict emission regulations for passenger cars in the past decade in order to improve air quality in cities and limit harmful emission exposure to humans. In the n....
